the camshaft is a component in the piston engine. Its function is to control the opening and closing of the valve. Although the speed of the camshaft in a four-stroke engine is half that of the crankshaft (in a two-stroke engine, the speed of the camshaft is the same as that of the crankshaft), but usually its speed is still very high, and it needs to withstand a lot of torque, so the design of The camshaft has high requirements in terms of strength and support, and its material is generally special cast iron, and occasionally forgings are used.

The main body of the camshaft is a cylindrical rod with the same length as the cylinder block. There are several cams on it, which are used to drive the valves. One end of the camshaft is the bearing support point, and the other end is connected to the drive wheel.

The sides of the cam are egg-shaped. The purpose of its design is to ensure sufficient intake and exhaust of the cylinder, specifically to complete the opening and closing of the valve in the shortest possible time. In addition, considering the durability of the engine and the smoothness of operation, the valve should not have too much impact due to the acceleration and deceleration process during the opening and closing actions, otherwise it will cause serious valve wear, increased noise or other serious consequences. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between the cam and the engine's power, torque output, and smoothness of operation.

Generally speaking, in an in-line engine, one cam corresponds to one valve, and a V-type engine or a horizontally opposed engine shares a cam for every two valves. Due to their special structure, rotary engines and valveless engines do not require cams.

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